Urashaka ko abakozi bawe baba abakora neza mu kazi.Aubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gushyira ibitotsi mu mwanya wa mbere ari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzikubigerahoGusinzira bihagije bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kongera umusaruro mu kazi, harimo kwitabira akazi, imyitwarire myiza, kubona ibitekerezo byiza, n'ubuyobozi. Niba ushaka abakozi bawe beza, ugomba kwifuza ko baryama amajoro yose kandi bafite ireme.
Ese birashoboka kugira igisubizo gihendutse kandi cyoroshye gushyira mu bikorwa cyo kunozaabantuimikorere myiza binyuze mu kunoza ibitotsi by'abakozi?
Aubushakashatsi buri imbere bwibanze kuri iki kibazoikorwa. Abashakashatsiyubakiye ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwerekana ko kwambara indorerwamo ziyungurura urumuri rw'ubururu bishobora gufasha abantu gusinzira neza. Impamvu z'ibi ni tekiniki gato, ariko ingingo nyamukuru ni uko melatonin ari ibinyabuzima byongera ubushake bwo gusinzira kandi ikunda kuzamuka nimugoroba mbere yo kuryama. Kubona urumuri bigabanya ikorwa rya melatonin, bigatuma bigorana gusinzira. Ariko urumuri rwose si ko rufite ingaruka zimwe - kandi urumuri rw'ubururu rufite ingaruka zikomeye. Rero, kuyungurura urumuri rw'ubururu bikuraho ingaruka nyinshi zo kugabanya urumuri ku ikorwa rya melatonin, bigatuma nimugoroba melatonin yiyongera bityo bigatuma inzira yo gusinzira iba nziza.
Hashingiwe kuri ubwo bushakashatsi, ndetse n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere buhuza ibitotsi n'umusaruro w'akazi,abashakashatsiyafashe intambwe ikurikira yo gusuzuma ingaruka zo kwambara indorerwamo z’urumuri rw’ubururu ku musaruro w’akazi. Mu bushakashatsi bubiri bwakorewe ku bakozi bakorera muri Brezili,ikipeyasuzumye urutonde rugari rw'ibyavuye mu kazi, birimo kwitabira akazi, imyitwarire yo gufasha, imyitwarire mibi mu kazi (nk'ugufata abandi nabi nk'akazi), n'imikorere y'akazi.
Inyigo ya mbere yasuzumye abayobozi 63, naho inyigo ya kabiri isuzuma abahagarariye abakiriya 67. Ubushakashatsi bwombi bwakoresheje imiterere imwe y'ubushakashatsi: Abakozi bamaze icyumweru kimwe bambaye indorerwamo z'urumuri rw'ubururu amasaha abiri mbere yo kuryama buri joro mu gihe cy'icyumweru. Abakozi bamwe kandi bamaze icyumweru kimwe bambaye indorerwamo z'"ubururu" amasaha abiri mbere yo kuryama buri joro. Indorerwamo z'ubururu zari zifite amafoto amwe, ariko lentile ntizakuraho urumuri rw'ubururu. Abitabiriye nta mpamvu bari bafite yo kwizera ko hari ingaruka zitandukanye z'amabara abiri y'ubururu ku gusinzira cyangwa imikorere, cyangwa aho ingaruka nk'izo zabera. Twasanze mu buryo butunguranye niba hari umuntu wamaze icyumweru cya mbere akoresha indorerwamo z'urumuri rw'ubururu cyangwa indorerwamo z'ubururu.
Ibisubizo byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi byombi byari bihuye cyane. Ugereranyije n'icyumweru abantu bambaraga indorerwamo z'uburiganya, mu cyumweru abantu bambaraga indorerwamo z'ubururu ziyungurura urumuri rw'ubururu abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bavuze ko basinziriye cyane (5% mu bushakashatsi bw'abayobozi, na 6% mu bushakashatsi bw'abahagarariye abakiriya) kandi bagasinzira neza (14% mu bushakashatsi bw'abahagarariye abayobozi, na 11% mu bushakashatsi bw'abahagarariye abakiriya).
Ingano y'ibitotsi n'ubwiza byagize ingaruka nziza ku musaruro wose uko ari une mu kazi. Ugereranyije n'icyumweru abitabiriye bambaye indorerwamo z'uburiganya, mu cyumweru abantu bambaye indorerwamo z'ubururu ziyungurura urumuri, abitabiriye bavuze ko bashishikajwe cyane n'akazi (8.51% mu bushakashatsi bw'abayobozi na 8.25% mu bushakashatsi bw'abahagarariye abakiriya), imyitwarire myiza yo gufasha (17.29% na 17.82% muri buri bushakashatsi, uko bikurikirana), n'imyitwarire mibi yo mu kazi mike (11.78% na 11.76% bike, uko bikurikirana).
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abayobozi, abitabiriye bavuze ko umusaruro wabo bwite wari hejuru ya 7.11% iyo bambaye indorerwamo ziyungurura amatara y'ubururu ugereranije n'iyo bambaye indorerwamo zidafite ishingiro. Ariko umusaruro w'umusaruro w'umurimo ni wo ushimishije cyane ku bushakashatsi ku bahagarariye serivisi ku bakiriya. Mu bushakashatsi ku bahagarariye serivisi ku bakiriya, isuzuma ry'abakiriya kuri buri mukozi ryakozwe ku mpuzandengo mu munsi wose w'akazi. Ugereranyije n'igihe abakozi bashinzwe abakiriya bambaraga indorerwamo zidafite ishingiro, kwambara indorerwamo zidafite ishingiro byatumye amanota ya serivisi ku bakiriya yiyongeraho 9%.
Muri make, indorerwamo zo kuyungurura urumuri rw'ubururu zarushijeho kunoza imikurire n'umusaruro w'akazi.
Igitangaje cyane kuri ibi bisubizo ni inyungu igaragara ku ishoramari. Biragoye kumenya agaciro k'umukozi utanga akazi karenze 8%, 17% hejuru mu myitwarire yo gufasha, 12% hasi mu myitwarire mibi mu kazi, na 8% hejuru mu mikorere y'akazi. Ariko, ukurikije ikiguzi cy'abakozi, aya mafaranga ashobora kuba menshi cyane.
Urugero, mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bakozi bashinzwe abakiriya, igipimo cy'imikorere y'akazi cyari amanota abakiriya batanga ku kunyurwa kwabo na serivisi, ari na cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyane. Bitandukanye n'ibi bisubizo by'agaciro gakomeye, ibi birahuri by'agaciro ubu bigurishwa $69.00, kandi hashobora kuba hari ibindi birahuri by'indorerwamo bishobora gutuma habaho umusaruro nk'uwo (kora ubushakashatsi bwawe, ariko - zimwe muri zo zifite akamaro kurusha izindi). Igiciro gito nk'icyo ku nyungu nini gishobora kuba ishoramari ridasanzwe.
Uko ubumenyi ku bijyanye n'ibitotsi n'ubuhanga mu bijyanye n'imiziririzo y'ijoro bukomeza gutera imbere, birashoboka ko hazabaho uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kubungabunga ubuzima bw'ibitotsi zitanga umusaruro mwiza mu kazi. Abakozi n'ibigo bazagira urutonde rw'amahitamo meza yo kunoza ibitotsi by'abakozi, ku nyungu za buri wese. Ariko indorerwamo ziyungurura amatara y'ubururu ni intambwe ishimishije kuko zoroshye kuzishyira mu bikorwa, ntizibangamira abantu, kandi - nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwacu bubyerekana - zigira akamaro.